Caution:

This site includes information about child deaths, which some readers may find distressing. If you need support, free and confidential help is available

We wish to convey our sincere condolences to the families and friends of the infants, children and young people in NSW who have died. It is our foremost responsibility to learn from these deaths and to use that knowledge to make a difference.

Working together to reduce preventable child deaths in NSW through
  1. research
  2. insight
  3. data
  4. collaboration
  5. action
insight data collaboration action

Drowning

Background

Between 2022 and 2023, 14 children and young people in New South Wales died from drowning — 8 in 2022 and 6 in 2023.

These deaths were unintentional, and mostly occurred in pools and inland waterways. The findings also include incidents involving watercraft where water safety was a factor.

Findings collected

2009-2023

Page last updated

5 November 2025

2-year period (2022-2023)

Factors

In 2022 and 2023, 3 key factors contributed to drowning deaths: 

  • Supervision: Most deaths occurred when young children gained access to water without supervision. Several wandered from inside the home or yard to nearby rivers, creeks or dams. Others entered unfenced or poorly secured areas, including portable or wading pools without barriers. 
  • Swimming ability: Many children who drowned had little or no swimming ability. For older children and teenagers, limited swimming skills and confidence in deeper or open water increased the risk of drowning. 
  • Safety devices: Some deaths may have been preventable if appropriate safety equipment, such as lifejackets, had been used. In two incidents involving boating or fishing, children were not wearing a lifejacket at the time. 

15-year period (2009-2023)

Drowning deaths of children aged 0-17

Loading chart...

Demographics

Drowning rates for males and females decreased, but remained around 2.4 times higher for males.

The rate for children under 5 decreased but continued to be 3.6 times higher than for children aged 5–17 years. Among older children, rates have not changed significantly over time.

The rate for non-Indigenous children decreased, while the rate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children showed little overall change across the 15 years.

Children living in regional and remote areas were 2.5 times more likely to drown than those in major cities, although the gap has narrowed over time.

Children from the most disadvantaged areas experienced drowning rates about twice as high as those from the least disadvantaged areas.

The average proportion over the 15 years for children who drowned and had a child protection history was 37%.

Steps toward prevention

Recommendations

We continue to support actions that reduce the risk of drowning for children and young people in NSW. Several recommendations have been made to strengthen water safety and prevention measures.

The Department of Customer Service, in its planned upgrade of the Swimming Pool Register, ensure that its collection and reporting capability allows for public amalgamated reporting of compliance data relating to key aspects of swimming pool regulation, including the reasons pool barriers fail inspections, and whether non-compliances were rectified by owners within reasonable timeframes.

This recommendation was closed without implementation.

The Office of Local Government should:

  • Include within the prescribed information that pool owners must supply on registration of a pool, details about whether children under five years of age reside at or regularly visit the property.
  • Work with local councils to prioritise inspection of pools at locations where children reside or regularly visit, and rental properties with pools.

This recommendation was closed without implementation. 

In the context of proposals contained in the Independent Review of Swimming Pool Barrier Requirements for Backyard Swimming Pools in NSW (discussion paper), the NSW Government should amend the Swimming Pools Act 1992 to:

  • Include a single standard for NSW for child resistant swimming pool safety barriers, aligned to national standards, in order to enable the relevant state agency or agencies to interpret and provide guidance on required standards to pool owners and the general public.
  • Remove automatic exemptions from swimming pool safety barrier requirements.
  • Require persons purchasing a portable swimming pool that is subject to the requirements of the Act to register the pool at the point of sale.

This recommendation was closed without implementation.

Australian Water Safety Strategy 2030

Led by the Australian Water Safety Council, the Australian Water Safety Strategy 2030 sets national priorities for preventing drowning and promoting the safe use of waterways and swimming pools.  

It identifies children aged 0–4 years and young males aged 15–29 years as priority groups, reflecting consistently higher drowning rates. 

Between 2009 and 2023, 158 children aged 0–17 years drowned in NSW. Of these, 59% (93) were under 5, and males accounted for 72% of all drowning deaths and 95% of those aged 15–17.  

We support the inclusion of young children and adolescent males as national priority groups under the strategy. 

Water safety and life jackets

We also support the Victorian State Coroner’s 2024 recommendation to make lifejackets mandatory for all people on, or operating a boat or other vessel. In July 2025, we wrote to Transport for NSW (TfNSW) in support of this recommendation and provided data on child drowning deaths where lifejackets were not worn.  

We continue to monitor the development and outcome of the NSW Government’s Maritime Safety Plan 2026, which is considering this recommendation. 

Other water safety initiatives

A range of initiatives aim to reduce the risk of drowning and promote safer behaviour around water. These programs focus on prevention, education and awareness for children, families and communities.

Key initiatives include:

A long-running public awareness program promoting the importance of active supervision, restricting access to water, and learning resuscitation.

A community education campaign encouraging young adults, particularly males, to look out for each other and avoid alcohol-related risks around water.